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Trial Number 0

Client Number 104

Project Number 1

Trial Purpose:

To compare surfactant levels

Date Run:

05/24/1999

Experiment Procedure:

To compare surfactant levels of a cleaning solution before and after passing through separation equipment (Aqueous Recovery Resources, Inc., Suparator, oil-water separator)
Three titrations were per sample were tested for nonionic surfactant content using Bama Chem Nonionic Surfactant Kit. The general procedure is as follows:
1. ADD APPROXIMATELY 25 ML OF WATER TO MIXING VIAL
2. ADD 8 DROPS OF INDICATOR SOLUTION TO VIAL. COLOR SHOULD BE GREEN.
3. ADD 15 DROPS OF 20% SULFURIC ACID TO VIAL (20 DROPS IF STRONGLY ALKALINE DETERGENTS ARE TESTED) AND SWIRL. COLOR SHOULD NOW BE PURPLE. (CAUTION: HANDLE THIS SOLUTION WITH CARE. IT IS CORROSIVE AND MAY CAUSE BURNS.)
4. ADD 0.5ML OF NONIONIC DETERGENT SOLUTION TO VIAL AND SWIRL, COLOR SHOULD NOW TURN BACK TO GREEN OR YELLOW-GREEN.
5. ADD TITRATING SOLUTION DROPWISE WHILE COUNTING UNTIL THE COLOR CHANGES TO A WINE-RED OR PURPLE. (ABOUT HALFWAY TO THE ENDPOINT THE COLOR WILL BE TAN OR LIGHT BROWN). NOTE THE NUMBER OF DROPS NEEDED AND MULTIPLY BY 0.5 TO GET % BY VOLUME OF NONIONIC DETERGENT. EACH DROP IS EQUIVALENT TO 0.0028 GRAMS OF SURFACTANT.

CHOOSE SAMPLE SIZE THAT WILL REQUIRE 10-20 DROPS OF TITRANT FOR BETTER ACCURACY. FOR VERY CONCENTRATED SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS USE A 0.10ML SAMPLE SO AS TO CONSERVE REAGENTS. FOR A 0.10ML SAMPLE USE A FACTOR OF 2.5.

FOR WEAKER SOLUTIONS:
1.00ML SAMPLE USE A FACTOR OF 0.25
10.00ML SAMPLE USE A FACTOR OF 0.025
100.00ML SAMPLE USE A FACTOR OF 0.0025

SOME INTERFERENCES - ACID SOLUBLE ANIONIC DETERGENTS CATIONIC DETERGENTS SOME AMINES STRONG OXIDIZERS
SUCH AS HYPOCHLORITES, NITRITES, ETC. HIGHLY CONCENTRATED DYES

Trial Results:

When comparing the results of the influent and effluent to the initial clean cleaner, both samples had far less surfactant levels. The two samples still had noticeable levels of oil in them. From the titration calculations, the effluent had higher amounts of surfactant than the influent. Table 1 lists the average titration levels for the three samples.
Table 1. Surfactant Calculations

Reading Baseline Influent Effluent
1 40 3.25 4.25
2 37.5 3.25 4
3 42.5 3.5 4.29
Average 40 3.33 4.18

The data used to calculate the averages is listed in attached files.
Data For Calculations

Experimenter Marshall        
Date 5/24/99   For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Client     mL f ratio
Client Type Consultant   0.5 0.5 0.25
SCL # 99-6104-01-5   1 0.25 0.25
Test Type Nonionic   10 0.025 0.25
Cleaner Mfr Church & Dwight Co   100 0.0025 0.25
Product Name Armakleen M-Aero  “Clean”   2 0.125 0.25
Concentration Used 5 %          
Drops Required 16             
Sample Size 2 mL      
Wt of Surfactant 0.0448     grams            
drop * f 2 % vol  nonionic surfactant      
Dilution correction 20             
Total Surfactant 40             
                 
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5             
Volume 2             
Wt of Surf        0.0448 in Sample          
% Surf. 2 in Sample      
Total Surf % 4 Full strength          
“Clean 2”               
Concentration Used 5 % For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Drops Required 15   mL f ratio
Sample Size 2 mL 2 0.125 0.25
Wt of Surfactant 0.042 grams      
drop * f 1.875 % vol  nonionic surfactant      
Dilution correction 20             
Total Surfactant 37.5             
                 
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5             
Volume 2             
Wt of Surf       0.042   in Sample          
% Surf. 1.875 in Sample          
Total Surf % 37.5   Full strength          
“Clean 3”               
Concentration Used 5 % For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Drops Required 17   mL f ratio
Sample Size 2 mL 2 0.125 0.25
Wt of Surfactant 0.0476 grams      
drop * f 2.125 % vol  nonionic surfactant       
Dilution correction 20             
Total Surfactant 42.5             
           
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5             
Volume 2             
Wt of Surf 0.0476 in Sample          
% Surf. 2.125 in Sample          
Total Surf %  42.5 Full strength          
           
Experimenter Marshall   For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Date 5/24/99   mL f ratio
Client          
Client Type Consultant   0.5 0.5 0.25
SCL # 99-6104-01-5   1 0.25 0.25
Test Type Nonionic   10 0.025 0.25
Cleaner Mfr Church & Dwight Co   100 0.0025 0.25
Product Name Armakleen M-Aero Influent 1    20 0.0125 0.25
Concentration Used 5 %          
Drops Required 13             
Sample Size 20 mL      
Wt of Surfactant 0.0364 grams          
drop * f 0.1625 % vol  nonionic surfactant        
Dilution correction 20            
Total Surfactant 3.25             
                 
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5             
Volume 20             
Wt of Surf        0.0364 in Sample          
% Surf. 0.1625 in Sample          
Total Surf %   3.25 Full strength          
                 
Influent 2                
Concentration Used 5 % For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Drops Required 13   mL f ratio
Sample Size 20 mL 20 0.0125 0.25
Wt of Surfactant 0.0364 grams      
drop * f 0.1625 % vol  nonionic surfactant        
Dilution correction 20             
Total Surfactant 3.25             
                 
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5             
Volume 20             
Wt of Surf 0.0364 in Sample          
% Surf. 0.1625 in Sample          
Total Surf %       3.25 Full strength          
                 
Influent 3                
Concentration Used 5 % For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Drops Required 14   mL f ratio
Sample Size 20 mL 20 0.0125 0.25
Wt of Surfactant 0.0392 grams      
drop * f 0.175 % vol  nonionic surfactant        
Dilution correction 20             
Total Surfactant 3.5             
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5             
Volume 20             
Wt of Surf         0.0392 in Sample          
% Surf. 0.175 in Sample          
Total Surf %   3.5 Full strength          
           
Experimenter Marshall        
Date 5/24/99   For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Client     mL f ratio
Client Type Consultant   0.5 0.5 0.25
SCL #    99-6104-01-5   1 0.25 0.25
Test Type Nonionic   10 0.025 0.25
Cleaner Mfr Church & Dwight Co   100 0.0025 0.25
Product Name Armakleen M-Aero Effluent 1     20 0.0125 0.25
Concentration Used 5 %          
Drops Required 17             
Sample Size 20 mL      
Wt of Surfactant 0.0476 grams          
drop * f 0.2125 % vol  nonionic surfactant        
Dilution correction 20             
Total Surfactant 4.25             
                 
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5             
Volume 20             
Wt of Surf 0.0476 in Sample          
% Surf. 0.2125 in Sample          
Total Surf % 4.25 Full strength          
           
Effluent 2                
Concentration Used 5 % For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Drops Required 9 *less than 10 drops  mL f ratio
Sample Size 15 mL 15 0.016667 0.25
Wt of Surfactant 0.0252 grams      
drop * f 0.15 % by volume of nonionic surfactant        
Dilution correction 20             
Total Surfactant 3             
                 
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5             
Volume 15             
Wt of Surf 0.0252 in Sample          
% Surf. 0.15 in Sample          
Total Surf % 3 Full strength      
                 
Effluent 3                
Concentration Used 5 %          
Drops Required 14        
Sample Size 17.5 mL For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Wt of Surfactant 0.0392 grams mL f ratio
drop * f 0.2 % vol  nonionic surfactant 17.5 0.014286 0.25
Dilution correction 20             
Total Surfactant 4             
                 
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5        
Volume 17.5        
Wt of Surf 0.0392 in Sample      
% Surf. 0.2 in Sample      
Total Surf % 4 Full strength      
           
Effluent 4                
Concentration Used 5 % For sample size Factor Factor Calculation
Drops Required 15   mL f ratio
Sample Size 17.5 mL 17.5 0.014286 0.25
Wt of Surfactant 0.042 grams      
drop * f 0.214286 % vol  nonionic surfactant        
Dilution correction 20             
Total Surfactant 4.285714             
Mfr Church & Dwight Co            
Product Armakleen M-Aero            
Conc. % 5             
Volume 17.5             
Wt of Surf         0.042 in Sample          
% Surf. 0.214286  in Sample          
Total Surf %    4.285714 Full strength      

Success Rating:

A cleanliness study, addressing only various analytical techniques.

Conclusion:

After titrating the samples provided, the Suparator appears to not decrease the surfactant concentrations.  Effluent surfactant levels were found to be slightly higher than the influent levels, but both were far less than the original amounts.

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